Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults
Attention deficit disorder in adults can be difficult to diagnose and manage. Therapists can help by analyzing the signs and root causes, and then teaching the patient how to add structure, make behavioural modifications, and offering medication when needed.
People with ADD/ADHD may have issues with hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive. The symptoms could include forgetfulness, trouble waiting for their turn and difficulties concentrating on tasks or playing games.
Symptoms of Inattentive Type
This type of ADHD is characterized by high distractibility, and a difficulty in paying attention to the smallest details. Adults who are inattentive ADHD are unable to complete tasks or projects that require sustained mental effort, like reading and writing. They may have trouble remembering appointments or paying their bills, and are susceptible to making impulsive errors in the workplace or at home.
While the symptoms of inattentive ADHD may have first appeared during childhood, they tend to go undiagnosed because adults are expected to manage their impulsive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms on their own. As a result, their issues can persist throughout their adult lives, and may cause issues with relationships as well as school performance and career advancement.
The signs of inattention ADHD include frequent fidgeting with hands and feet, difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities at a relaxed pace, trouble waiting for their turn and answering questions in a hurry before they are completed. They also have difficulty staying organized at home and work and are often late for classes or meetings. Those with inattentive ADHD often have trouble staying focused during work or school are bored at meetings and have to chew gum or drink coffee to pass the time.
A medical professional will examine the person for potential mental health issues or medical conditions that may cause similar symptoms. Then, they will use their behavioral history to determine if they suffer from ADD. You can ask to see the person's behavior under various situations by talking to their family or teachers as well as their coworkers. The health professional may also inquire about the person's mood and their recent medical history.
The most frequently prescribed drugs for inattentive ADHD are psychostimulants that improve the brain's signals and improve alertness. They include amphetamines, such as Adderall, Ritalin and Concerta and methylphenidates such as Strattera (atomoxetine) and Qelbree (viloxazine). Antidepressants that affect neurotransmitters in the brain, are sometimes prescribed to those suffering from inattentive ADHD to improve their mood and concentration. Wellbutrin (bupropion) and Effexor, (venlafaxine) are two examples. Other drugs that aren't stimulants can be used. These are less likely to cause side effects and include guanfacine (Intuniv), bupropion/atomoxetine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as Strattera.
Symptoms of Hyperactive/Impulsive Type
People with the hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD struggle to sit still and remain focused. This makes it difficult for them to concentrate on schoolwork or work tasks and can lead to careless errors. They also have trouble following instructions or completing complicated tasks. They also have trouble staying focused when playing games or engaging in leisure activities. They often interrupt or intrude on conversations, games or other activities and are eagerly waiting for their turn. They might fiddle or squirm with their hands or feet or squirm in their chairs or pacing as they listen or talk.
Children with the hyperactive/impulsive type of ADD often have trouble waiting for their turn to speak or play, and they may blurt out their answers before other people have finished speaking. They may have difficulty controlling themselves and are constantly moving and are unable to slow down or stop at events like fairs or theme parks. They may have difficulties organizing tasks, completing long-term projects or applying themselves to schoolwork or other structured activities.
They have a low sense of accountability and often have difficulty making and keeping friendships. They may also have trouble regulating their emotions, which could lead to mood swings and severe depression. They may also have trouble managing their finances and time which could make it easier for them to fall victim to frauds in the financial sector.
Many people suffering from ADHD are not diagnosed until they reach adulthood, when their symptoms become more apparent. During childhood, they may have been missed by teachers or other adults who weren't aware of their problems. They could have reacted to their problems in a safe environment and flourished until they were faced with the pressure of pursuing a job or raising a child which is when their issues became evident. In the early years, the male-to-female* ADHD ratio is higher. However, it becomes more equal when they reach adulthood.
Certain nutritional supplements can help reduce irritability in people with ADHD. These include GABA as well as taurine. GABA fish oil and Brain Vitale. Stress management techniques such as deep breathing and regular exercise can be beneficial. They should talk to their doctor about all treatments options including stimulants (Strattera), non-stimulants (Viloxazine) (Qelbree), and antidepressants (Wellbutrin).
Mixed Type Symptoms
People with combined type ADHD exhibit symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive presentations. They have difficulty staying focused on tasks that require a lot of mental effort for long periods of time or causing things to stick in their heads like schoolwork, homework, chores or work. They tend to make careless mistakes at work, school, and in personal life. Attention and impulse control can lead to lots of stress and trouble in relationships.
The signs of this condition are varied in severity and can manifest at different times in life. They may include daydreaming and becoming easily distracted by their own thoughts, which may lead to an inability to remember things; a tendency lose things, such as keys or homework and difficulty focusing on tasks. They may also have a difficult time sitting still and interrupt or take over the activities of leisure or games.
A person with a mixed presentation of ADHD may find that some medications are helpful while others don't, so it's best to try one each time and analyze the results carefully. Adults who have had this type of presentation since they were teenagers should have their treatment reviewed every six months, and especially in the event of any lifestyle changes that may affect the amount of medication required.
It is important to know that ADD and ADHD do not impact race or gender, ethnicity, or age. However it is believed that it will affect more people who were deemed male at birth. Adults who show several symptoms and cannot explain them are usually diagnosed.
There are a variety of ways to manage and treat ADD for adults, which includes behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication. A combination of treatments is usually the best option, and medication can be prescribed in various forms, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine/amphetamine salts (Adderall), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), and atomoxetine (Strattera). These medications increase concentration by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Non-stimulants can also be used by adults who do not wish to use stimulants, or who only need them in a low dosage.
The symptoms of Combined Type
For people with combined type ADHD, the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity appear together. Inattention symptoms can include forgetfulness, difficulty finishing tasks, or having trouble sitting still. Hyperactivity and impulsivity can manifest as restlessness, fidgeting, or squirming. They are unable to stay in line or follow directions. This leads to frustration and rule-breaking behaviors.
Adults with a mix of ADHD symptoms also have difficulties reading situational social boundaries, leading them to intrude on conversations or activities without considering how others might be feeling about it. They often have trouble in organising their strategies and become overwhelmed by complex projects. In many cases, people with this ADHD display may also be suffering from depression or other mood disorders.
Making sure ADHD symptom test for adults have a clear diagnosis of ADHD is key to identifying the most effective treatment plan. Many people suffering from ADHD are reluctant to seek assistance. However the diagnosis can empower them and give them the tools to manage their symptoms.
To receive a diagnosis, doctors must identify at least six symptoms of inattention and at least five symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity to a degree that interferes with daily functioning. These symptoms must have been present before the age of 12 and last for at least six month to be considered ADHD. The symptoms must be severe enough to negatively impact a person's performance in school, at work or at home.
Experts aren't entirely sure why ADHD occurs. However, they are aware that it is hereditary and certain genes increase the likelihood of someone becoming affected. They also know that differences in brain structure and brain chemistry play a role, and that some people get the disorder on their own, with no family history.
There are various behavioral treatments for adult ADHD, including structured routines and organizational strategies, talk therapy (Cognitive-behavioral therapy or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), exercise and healthy sleep habits. In many instances, these treatments are more effective than medication.